中考英语语法专题详解四:代词

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  代词的使用非常多,通常会代指名词已经形容词的使用,下面就是小编给大家带来的中考英语语法专题详解四:代词,希望能帮助到大家!Zvh本库

  专题四 代词Zvh本库

  一、 代词概述Zvh本库

  代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。Zvh本库

  二、代词分类Zvh本库

  英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用主要分为:人称代词、物主Zvh本库

  代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词。Zvh本库

  1、 人称代词及其用法Zvh本库

  1)人称代词主格和宾格Zvh本库

人称Zvh本库

单、复数Zvh本库

主格Zvh本库

宾格Zvh本库

第一人称Zvh本库

单数Zvh本库

IZvh本库

meZvh本库

复数Zvh本库

weZvh本库

usZvh本库

第二人称Zvh本库

单数Zvh本库

youZvh本库

youZvh本库

复数Zvh本库

youZvh本库

youZvh本库

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第三人称Zvh本库

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单数Zvh本库

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heZvh本库

himZvh本库

sheZvh本库

herZvh本库

itZvh本库

itZvh本库

复数Zvh本库

theyZvh本库

themZvh本库

  2) 人称代词的用法Zvh本库

  ① 人称代词主格在句子中担任主语。Zvh本库

  例如:She likes watching movies.她喜欢看电影。Zvh本库

  They have been to America twice他们到过美国两次。Zvh本库

  ② 人称代词宾格在句子中担任动词宾语、介词宾语或表语。Zvh本库

  例如: We listen to them and they help us.我们听他们,他们帮我们。Zvh本库

  ---Who is knocking at the door? --It’s me.—谁在敲门?—是我。Zvh本库

  2、 物主代词及其用法Zvh本库

  1)形容词性和名词性物主代词Zvh本库

人称Zvh本库

单、复数Zvh本库

形容词性Zvh本库

名词性Zvh本库

词义Zvh本库

第一人称Zvh本库

单数Zvh本库

myZvh本库

mineZvh本库

我的Zvh本库

复数Zvh本库

ourZvh本库

oursZvh本库

我们的Zvh本库

第二人称Zvh本库

单数Zvh本库

yourZvh本库

yoursZvh本库

你的Zvh本库

复数Zvh本库

yourZvh本库

yoursZvh本库

你们的Zvh本库

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第三人称Zvh本库

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单数Zvh本库

hisZvh本库

hisZvh本库

他的Zvh本库

herZvh本库

hersZvh本库

她的Zvh本库

itsZvh本库

itsZvh本库

它的Zvh本库

复数Zvh本库

theirZvh本库

theirsZvh本库

他们的Zvh本库

  2)物主代词的用法Zvh本库

  ① 形容词性物主代词相当于形容词,在句子中担任定语修饰名词,一般不单独使用。Zvh本库

  例如:This is my book. Your book is over there.这是我的书。你的书在那里。Zvh本库

  They are our new friends.他们是我们的新朋友。Zvh本库

  ②名词性物主代词语法上相当于名词,意义上相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,经常用其来避免和前面提到的名词重复。Zvh本库

  例如:This is my dictionary. Where is yours (=your dictionary)?这是我的词典。你的(词典)在哪里?Zvh本库

  My idea is just the same as his(=his idea)。我的想法正如他的(想法)。Zvh本库

  3、反身代词及其用法Zvh本库

  1)反身代词的构成Zvh本库

人称Zvh本库

单、复数Zvh本库

词形Zvh本库

词义Zvh本库

第一人称Zvh本库

单数Zvh本库

myselfZvh本库

我自己Zvh本库

复数Zvh本库

ourselvesZvh本库

我们自己Zvh本库

第二人称Zvh本库

单数Zvh本库

yourselfZvh本库

你自己Zvh本库

复数Zvh本库

yourselvesZvh本库

你们自己Zvh本库

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第三人称Zvh本库

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单数Zvh本库

himselfZvh本库

他自己Zvh本库

herselfZvh本库

她自己Zvh本库

itselfZvh本库

它自己Zvh本库

复数Zvh本库

themselvesZvh本库

他们自己Zvh本库

  2)反身代词的用法Zvh本库

  ① 反身代词在句子中担任动词宾语或介词宾语。Zvh本库

  例如:The boy is too young to look after himself.这男孩太小了无法照顾自己。Zvh本库

  They did the job all by themselves.这件工作他们完全是自己做的。Zvh本库

  ② 反身代词常用词组Zvh本库

  例如:teach oneself自学 learn by oneself自学 enjoy oneself玩得愉快Zvh本库

  hurt oneself伤了自己 help oneself to自便 come to oneself苏醒Zvh本库

  by oneself单独;亲自Zvh本库

  4、 指示代词及其用法Zvh本库

  1) 指示代词:单数this(这)、 that(那);复数these(这些), those(那些)Zvh本库

  2) 指示代词的用法Zvh本库

  ① this/these用于指代近距离的人或事物。Zvh本库

  例如:This is my friend and these are his new books.这是我的朋友。这些是Zvh本库

  他的新书。Zvh本库

  ② that/those用于指代远距离的人或事物。Zvh本库

  例如:Look!That girl in red is Kate.瞧!那个穿红衣服的女孩是凯特。Zvh本库

  ③ 打电话时用this介绍自己,用that询问对方。Zvh本库

  例如:This is Mar speaking. Is that Mrs Jones?我是玛丽,您是琼斯夫人吗?Zvh本库

  5、 不定代词及其用法Zvh本库

  不定代词是比较复杂的一类代词,在词形上有简单的不定代词和复合不定代词两种形式,分别列表如下。Zvh本库

  1) 表一:初中阶段常见的简单的不定代词Zvh本库

不定代词Zvh本库

常用词义Zvh本库

some,anyZvh本库

一些(人或物);任何(人或物)Zvh本库

many,muchZvh本库

许多(人或物)Zvh本库

few,littleZvh本库

几乎没有(人或物)Zvh本库

a few,a littleZvh本库

有少数或少量(人或物)Zvh本库

bothZvh本库

两者都Zvh本库

allZvh本库

三者及以上都Zvh本库

eitherZvh本库

两者之一;或者……或者Zvh本库

neitherZvh本库

两者都不Zvh本库

noneZvh本库

三者及以上都不Zvh本库

anotherZvh本库

三者以上中的任意一个Zvh本库

oneZvh本库

一个Zvh本库

other,othersZvh本库

其他的(泛指)Zvh本库

the other,the othersZvh本库

其他的(特指)Zvh本库

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oneZvh本库

bodyZvh本库

thingZvh本库

someZvh本库

someone某人Zvh本库

somebody某人Zvh本库

something某事Zvh本库

anyZvh本库

anyone任何人Zvh本库

anybody任何人Zvh本库

anything任何事Zvh本库

noZvh本库

no one没有人Zvh本库

nobody没有人Zvh本库

no thing没有东西Zvh本库

everyZvh本库

everyone每人Zvh本库

everybody每人Zvh本库

everything每一件事Zvh本库

  2) 不定代词的用法Zvh本库

  在实际使用中,普通不定代词多数时候用作形容词修饰名词。Zvh本库

  ① some和any。两者均可修饰可数和不可数名词。一般情况下,some用于肯定句,any用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。但在说话人想要得到肯定回答或表达请求、建议的疑问句中用some。Zvh本库

  例如:There are some students in the classroom, but there aren’t any teachers.Zvh本库

  教室里有一些学生,但没有老师。Zvh本库

  ---Would you like to have some tea or coffee? ---Neither, thanks.Zvh本库

  --想要喝茶还是咖啡?--谢谢,两个都不要。Zvh本库

  ② many 和much。many修饰可数名词的复数形式,much修饰不可数名词。Zvh本库

  两者均可以和表示程度的副词so,too,as,how连用构成too many/much, so many/much, as many/much as, how many/much.Zvh本库

  例如:I have too much work to do.我有太多的工作要做。Zvh本库

  How did you make so many mistakes?你怎么会犯这么多错误?Zvh本库

  Please speak English as much as possible.请尽量说英语。Zvh本库

  ③ few, a few 和little, a little. few和a few修饰可数名词,little和a little修饰不可数名词。few,little表示否定,a few,a little表示肯定。Zvh本库

  例如:He is a new student in the school, so he has few friends.他是本校的新生,所以几乎没有朋友(表示否定)。Zvh本库

  I have so little money that I can’t afford the new magazine. Can you lend me some?我几乎没钱了,买不起这本杂志(表示否定)。你能借我一些吗?Zvh本库

  ---Can I have a few words with you, Mrs Brown? –Sure, I have a little time. –布朗夫人,我可以和你说几句话吗(表示肯定)?--当然可以,我有一点点时间(表示肯定)。Zvh本库

  ④ both和all。both只能用于指代两者,all指代三者或以上的人或物。Zvh本库

  例如:My parents are both teachers. Both my brother and I are students. We all live in Changsha.我父母亲都是老师。我哥和我是学生。我们都生活在长沙。Zvh本库

  ⑤ either, neither和none。either只能是“两者中取其一”,neither是“两者都不”,是both的反义词,none“都不”是all的反义词。Zvh本库

  例如:Either you or your sister has to help your dad in the garden.你或者你姐姐得帮助你爸爸在花园里干活。(只要一个人帮助爸爸干活即可)Zvh本库

  ---Would you like some milk or coffee? –Neither. Just water, please.—你想要牛奶还是咖啡?--都不要,水就可以。Zvh本库

  They are all teenagers. None of them should be allowed to smoke.他们都是青少年,谁都不应该获许抽烟。Zvh本库

  ⑥ other, others, the other, the others.概括地说,不带the的为泛指,带the的为特指,带s的指代复数的人或物,不带s的指代单数的人或物。Zvh本库

  例如:Beijing is larger than the other cities in China.北京比中国其他城市大。Zvh本库

  Lei Feng was always ready to help others(=other people)。雷锋乐于助人。Zvh本库

  I have only two good friends. One is Jack, the other is David.我只有两个好朋友,一个是杰克,另一个是大卫。Zvh本库

  I bought six new books yesterday. One is English, the others(=the other books) are Chinese.我昨天买了六本书。一本是英语,其余的(书)都是中文。Zvh本库

  ⑦ one, another, one指代上文提到过的单数可数名词,避免重复。another指的是三者以Zvh本库

  上中的任意一者,还可以表达“额外添加”的意思。Zvh本库

  例如:This building is taller than that one.这个建筑比那栋高。Zvh本库

  I have already spent half an hour on the job, but I need another ten minutes to finish it.Zvh本库

  我已经花了半个小时做这件工作,但是我还要十分钟才能够完成。Zvh本库

  ⑧ 复合不定代词的句法功能可以参考some、any、no、every的用法。但下列几点必须Zvh本库

  注意:Zvh本库

  a)复合不定代词在句子中担任主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。Zvh本库

  例如:Is there anything wrong with the computer?电脑出问题了吗?Zvh本库

  Everybody is here. Let’s begin the meeting.大家到齐了,我们开会吧。Zvh本库

  b)修饰复合不定代词的形容词要放在他们的后面,做后置定语。Zvh本库

  例如:Be quiet, please. I have something important to tell you.请安静,我有重要Zvh本库

  的事情要告诉你们。Zvh本库

  6、 疑问代词及其用法Zvh本库

  疑问代词在句中起名词词组的作用,用来构成疑问句。Zvh本库

疑问代词Zvh本库

主要用法Zvh本库

例句Zvh本库

whoZvh本库

“谁”,主格形式作主语Zvh本库

Who can answer the question?Zvh本库

Who is the man over there?Zvh本库

whomZvh本库

“谁”,宾格形式,口语中往往Zvh本库

被who代替Zvh本库

Whom/whom are you talking to?Zvh本库

whoseZvh本库

“谁的”所有格形式Zvh本库

Whose exercise book is this?Zvh本库

Whose is this exercise book?Zvh本库

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whatZvh本库

询问不定书目中的“哪个”、Zvh本库

“哪些”,没有范围的限定;也Zvh本库

可用于询问某人的职业Zvh本库

What are you going to do?Zvh本库

What class are you in?Zvh本库

What is your mother?Zvh本库

whichZvh本库

“哪个”、“哪些”,询问一定Zvh本库

范围内特指的人或物Zvh本库

Which class are you in, Class 1 orZvh本库

Class 2?Zvh本库

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